Sufism in Europe: Islam, Esotericism and the New Age

Sufism, the spiritual, mystical, and esoteric dimension of Islam, is experiencing a renewal in the 21st century. Charismatic Sufi masters have been able to revitalise their language, attracting new disciples and going beyond their cultural-geographic framework. This book describes the development of Sufism in Western Europe, particularly in France and Italy, through extended empirical research based on participant observation in four Sufi orders. The author illustrates the different forms of hybridisation between the Islamic-Sufi tradition and Western esoteric discourses, in particular the Guénonian-Traditionalist and the New Age discourse. These hybridisations often involve the creation of new doctrines, rituals, and organizational structures, and produce different universalist discourses, which imply different Sufi politics in Europe, such as a lack of interest due to an imminent eschatology, civic engagement, and metapolitical elitism.

Francesco Piraino is Research Associate at the Center for the Study of World Religions at Harvard Divinity School and the director of the Centre for Comparative Studies of Civilizations and Spiritualities at the Giorgio Cini Foundation in Venice. Piraino is a sociologist of religion, culture, and art. He obtained his PhD in Sociology in 2016 at the Scuola Normale Superiore (Florence) and the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (Paris) and was a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research Fellow at KU Leuven. Piraino works on spirituality, esotericism, mysticism, and the relationship between art and religion. He has recently published Le soufisme en Europe: islam, ésotérisme et new age (Karthala, 2023) and edited Religious Dimensions of Conspiracy Theories Comparing and Connecting Old and New Trends (with Marco Pasi and Egil Asprem, Routledge 2022).