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Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Dinard" to "Dodsworth, Roger" - Volume 8, Slice 5DINARD, a seaside town of north-western France, in the department of Ille-et-Vilaine. The town, which is the chief watering-place of Brittany, is situated on a rocky promontory at the mouth of the...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Dodwell, Edward" to "Drama" - Volume 8, Slice 6DODWELL, EDWARD (1767-1832), English traveller and writer on archaeology. He belonged to the same family as Henry Dodwell the theologian, and was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He travelled from 1801 to...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Drama" to "Dublin" - Volume 8, Slice 7While the scattered and persecuted strollers thus kept alive something of the popularity, if not of the loftier traditions, of their art, neither, on the other hand, was there an utter absence of...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Dübner, Johann Friedrich" to "Dyeing" - Volume 8, Slice 8DBNER, JOHANN FRIEDRICH (1802-1867), German classical scholar (naturalized a Frenchman), was born in Hr selgau, near Gotha, on the 20th of December 1802. After studying at the university of Gttingen he...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Dyer, Sir Edward" to "Echidna" - Volume 8, Slice 9DYER, SIR EDWARD (d. 1607), English courtier and poet, son of Sir Thomas Dyer, Kt., was born at Sharpham Park, Somersetshire. He was educated, according to Anthony Wood, either at Balliol...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Echinoderma" to "Edward, prince of Wales" - Volume 8, Slice 10ECHINODERMA.1 The , or urchin-skinned animals, have long been a favourite subject of study with the collectors of sea-animals or of fossils, since the lime deposited in their skins forms...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Edwardes, Sir Herbert Benjamin" to "Ehrenbreitstein" - Volume 9, Slice 1EDWARDES, SIR HERBERT BENJAMIN (1819-1868), English soldier-statesman in India, was born at Frodesley in Shropshire on the 12th of November 1819. His father was Benjamin Edwardes, rector of Frodesley, and...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Ehud" to "Electroscope" - Volume 9, Slice 2EHUD, in the Bible, a judge who delivered Israel from the Moabites (Judg. iii. 12-30). He was sent from Ephraim to bear tribute to Eglon king of Moab, who had crossed over the...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Electrostatics" to "Engis" - Volume 9, Slice 3ELECTROSTATICS, the name given to that department of electrical science in which the phenomena of electricity at rest are considered. Besides their ordinary condition all bodies are capable of being thrown into a...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "England" to "English Finance" - Volume 9, Slice 4ENGLAND. Geographical usage confines to the southern part of the island of Great Britain the name commonly given to the great insular power of western Europe.1 In this restricted sense the present...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "English History" - Volume 9, Slice 5With the coming of Augustine to Kent the darkness which for nearly two centuries had enwrapped the history of Britain begins to clear away. From the days of Honorius to those of Gregory the...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" - Volume 9, Slice 6ENGLISH LANGUAGE. In its historical sense, the name English is now conveniently used to comprehend the language of the English people from their settlement in Britain to the present day, the...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Equation" to "Ethics" - Volume 9, Slice 7EQUATION (from Lat. aequatio, aequare, to equalize), an expression or statement of the equality of two quantities. Mathematical equivalence is denoted by the sign =, a symbol invented by Robert Recorde (1510-1558), who...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Ethiopia" to "Evangelical Association" - Volume 9, Slice 8ETHIOPIA, or Aethiopia (Gr. ), the ancient classical name of a district of north-eastern Africa, bounded on the N. by Egypt and on the E. by the Red Sea.1 The application of...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Evangelical Church Conference" to "Fairbairn, Sir William" - Volume 10, Slice 1EVANGELICAL CHURCH CONFERENCE, a convention of delegates from the different Protestant churches of Germany. The conference originated in 1848, when the general desire for political unity made itself felt...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Fairbanks, Erastus" to "Fens" - Volume 10, Slice 2FAIRBANKS, ERASTUS (1792-1864), American manufacturer, was born in Brimfield, Massachusetts, on the 28th of October 1792. He studied law but abandoned it for mercantile pursuits, finally settling in St Johnsbury, Vermont, where...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" - Volume 10, Slice 3FENTON, EDWARD (d. 1603), English navigator, son of Henry Fenton and brother of Sir Geoffrey Fenton (q.v.), was a native of Nottinghamshire. In 1577 he sailed, in command of the Gabriel, with...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" - Volume 10, Slice 4FINLAND (Finnish, Suomi or Suomenmaa), a grand-duchy governed subject to its own constitution by the emperor of Russia as grand-duke of Finland. It is situated between the gulfs of Bothnia and Finland,...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" - Volume 10, Slice 5FLEURY, CLAUDE (1640-1723), French ecclesiastical historian, was born at Paris on the 6th of December 1640. Destined for the bar, he was educated at the aristocratic college of Clermont (now that of...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" - Volume 10, Slice 6FORAMINIFERA, in zoology, a subdivision of Protozoa, the name selected for this enormous class being that given by A. DOrbigny in 1826 to the shells characteristic of the majority of the species....