Five Views on the Exodus: Historicity, Chronology, and Theological Implications

Gain a thorough understanding of the competing views on the historicity, chronology, and theological implications of the exodus.

The biblical account of the Israelite exodus from Egypt is one of the most enduring narratives ever told and is a foundational event for several world religions. It resonates across cultures with its timeless themes of redemption and deliverance. It is also the only explanation the Bible gives for Israel's origin.

Despite its unique legacy, many scholars regard the exodus as fictitious or a cultural memory that may not be a historical event. Even among those who believe the exodus happened, there is no consensus regarding its date.

Five Views on the Exodus brings together experts in the fields of biblical studies, Egyptology, and archaeology to discuss and debate the most vexing questions about the exodus. Each offers their own view and constructive responses to other leading views:

• Early Date: The Exodus Took Place in the Fifteenth Century BC (Scott Stripling)
• Late Date: A Historical Exodus in the Thirteenth Century BC (James K. Hoffmeier)
• A Hyksos Levite Led Exodus in the Time of Ramesses II (Peter Feinman)
• Alternative Late Date: The Exodus Took Place in the Twelfth Century BC (Gary A. Rendsburg)
• The Exodus as Cultural Memory: A Transformation of Historical Events (Ronald Hendel)

The Counterpoints series presents a comparison and critique of scholarly views on topics important to Christians that are both fair-minded and respectful of the biblical text. Each volume is a one-stop reference that allows readers to evaluate the different positions on a specific issue and form their own, educated opinion.

James K. Hoffmeier (PhD, University of Toronto) is professor of Old Testament and Near Eastern archaeology at Trinity International University Divinity School in Deerfield, Illinois. He is the author of Ancient Israel in Sinai and Israel in Egypt, and coauthor of Faith, Tradition and History.