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Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" - Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1Anna C. Paues, Ph.D. Lecturer in Germanic Philology at Newnham College, Cambridge. Formerly Fellow of Newnham College. Author of A Fourteenth Century Biblical Version; &c. Albert Frederick Pollard, M.A., F.R.Hist.Soc....

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" - Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2BACONTHORPE [Bacon, Baco, Bacconius], JOHN (d. 1346), known as "the Resolute Doctor," a learned Carmelite monk, was born at Baconthorpe in Norfolk. He seems to have been the grandnephew of Roger...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Banks" to "Bassoon" - Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881), British miscellaneous writer, was born at Birmingham on the 2nd of March 1821. After a brief experience in a variety of trades, he became at the age...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Basso-relievo" to "Bedfordshire" - Volume 3, Slice 4BASSO-RELIEVO (Ital. for low relief), the term applied to sculpture in which the design projects but slightly from the plane of the background. The relief may not project at all from the original...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Bedlam" to "Benson, George" - Volume 3, Slice 5BEDLAM, or Bethlehem Hospital, the first English lunatic asylum, originally founded by Simon FitzMary, sheriff of London, in 1247, as a priory for the sisters and brethren of the order of the...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Bent, James" to "Bibirine" - Volume 3, Slice 6BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852-1897), English traveller, was the son of James Bent of Baildon House, near Leeds, Yorkshire, where he was born on the 30th of March 1852. He was educated at...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Bible" to "Bisectrix" - Volume 3, Slice 7BIBLE. The word Bible, which in English, as in medieval Latin, is treated as a singular noun, is in its original Greek form a plural, , the (sacred) bookscorrectly expressing the fact that...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Bisharin" to "Bohea" - Volume 4, Slice 1BISHRN (the anc. Ichthyophagi), a nomad tribe of African Arabs, of Hamitic origin, dwelling in the eastern part of the Nubian desert. In the middle ages they were known as Beja (q.v.), and...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Bohemia" to "Borgia, Francis" - Volume 4, Slice 2BOHEMIA1 (Ger. Bhmen, Czech echy, Lat. Bohemia), a kingdom and crownland of Austria, bounded N.E. by Prussian Silesia, S.E. by Moravia and Lower Austria, S. by Upper Austria, S.W. by Bavaria and...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" - Volume 4, Slice 3BORGIA, LUCREZIA (1480-1519), duchess of Ferrara, daughter of Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia, afterwards Pope Alexander VI. (q.v.), by his mistress Vanozza dei Cattanei, was born at Rome in 1480. Her early years...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" - Volume 4, Slice 4BRADFORD, WILLIAM (1590-1657), American colonial governor and historian, was born in Austerfield, Yorkshire, England, probably in March 1590. He became somewhat estranged from his family, which was one of considerable importance...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Bréquigny, Louis Georges Oudard Feudrix de" to "Bulgaria" - Volume 4, Part 3... volumes x.-xiv., the preface to vol. xi. containing important researches into the French communes. To the Table chronologique des diplmes, chartes, lettres, et actes imprims concernant l'histoire...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" - Volume 4, Part 4... the mean interval being 60 m.; the summits are, as a rule, rounded, and the slopes gentle. The culminating points are in the centre of the range: Yumrukchl (7835 ft.), Maragudk (7808...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Calhoun" to "Camoens" - Volume 5, Slice 1CALHOUN, JOHN CALDWELL (1782-1850), American statesman and parliamentarian, was born, of Scottish-Irish descent, in Abbeville District, South Carolina, on the 18th of March 1782. His father, Patrick Calhoun, is said to have been...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Camorra" to "Cape Colony" - Volume 5, Slice 2CAMORRA, a secret society of Naples associated with robbery, blackmail and murder. The origin of the name is doubtful. Probably both the word and the association were introduced into Naples by Spaniards....

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Capefigue" to "Carneades" - Volume 5, Slice 3CAPEFIGUE, JEAN-BAPTISTE HONOR RAYMOND (1801-1872), French historian and biographer, was born at Marseilles in 1801. At the age of twenty he went to Paris to study law; but he soon deserted law for...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Carnegie Andrew" to "Casus Belli" - Volume 5, Slice 4CARNEGIE, ANDREW (1837-), American captain of industry and benefactor, was born in humble circumstances in Dunfermline, Scotland, on the 25th of November 1837. In 1848 his father, who had been a...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Cat" to "Celt" - Volume 5, Slice 5CAT,1 properly the name of the well-known domesticated feline animal usually termed by naturalists Felis domestica, but in a wider sense employed to denote all the more typical members of the family Felidae....

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" - Volume 5, Slice 6CELTES, KONRAD (1459-1508), German humanist and Latin poet, the son of a vintner named Pickel (of which Celtes is the Greek translation), was born at Wipfeld near Schweinfurt. He early ran away...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" - Volume 5, Slice 7CERARGYRITE, a mineral species consisting of silver chloride; an important ore of silver. The name cerargyrite is a Greek form (from , horn, and , silver) of the older name hornsilver, which...