The Exhibitor as Producer: Stage Prologues in American Movie Theatres, 1917-1926

This open access book seeks answers to a series of questions about the little-studied subject of prologues or theatrical presentations in American movie theaters from the late 1910s to the mid-1920s. How did prologues emerge out of prior practices? Who were the exhibitors most involved? What characteristics would come to define prologues? How widespread did they become not only in metropolitan palace cinemas but also in movie theaters in mid-sized cities and even small towns? If they generally created an atmosphere that complimented or harmonized with the feature films, could they also be what at the time was called "contrastive"? Who were the performers in these theatrical presentations? Were prologues ever described, in ads and audience responses, as a program's main attraction and to what effect?

The book comprises five chapters and up to a hundred photographs of prologue stage settings. Moreover, supplementing each chapter is one or more relevant trade press documents. Overall, the chapters construct a set of practices and typologies that came to define the theatrical presentations that typically preceded the feature films. They also advance this argument: the variety format of combined stage and screen performance in movie theaters has a longer and unexpectedly revealing history than usually assumed. In short, an exhibitor would have a certain degree of creativity in his/her programming, which in turn could strongly impact an audience's movie-going experience.

Richard Abel is Professor Emeritus of International Cinema and Media Studies at the University of Michigan, USA. His most recent books include Menus for Movie Land: Newspapers and the Emergence of American Film Culture, 1913-1916 (2015), Motor City Movie Culture, 1916-1925 (2020), and Our Country/Whose Country?: Early Westerns and Travel Films as Stories of Settler Colonialism (2023) as well as Barbara C. Hodgdon's Ghostly Fragments, co-edited with Peter Holland (2021), and the edited collection, Movie Mavens: US Newspaper Women Take on the Movies, 1914-1923 (2021).