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Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Gloss" to "Gordon, Charles George" - Volume 12, Slice 2GLOSS, GLOSSARY, &c. The Greek word (whence our gloss), meaning originally a tongue, then a language or dialect, gradually came to denote any obsolete, foreign, provincial, technical or otherwise peculiar word...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Gordon, Lord George" to "Grasses" - Volume 12, Slice 3GORDON, LORD GEORGE (1751-1793), third and youngest son of Cosmo George, duke of Gordon, was born in London on the 26th of December 1751. After completing his education at Eton, he...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Grasshopper" to "Greek Language" - Volume 12, Slice 4GRASSHOPPER (Fr. sauterelle, Ital. grillo, Ger. Grashpfer, Heuschrecke, Swed. Grshoppa), names applied to orthopterous insects belonging to the families Locustidae and Acridiidae. They are especially remarkable for their saltatory powers, due to...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Greek Law" to "Ground-Squirrel" - Volume 12, Slice 5GREEK LAW. Ancient Greek law is a branch of comparative jurisprudence the importance of which has been long ignored. Jurists have commonly left its study to scholars, who have generally refrained from...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Groups, Theory of" to "Gwyniad" - Volume 12, Slice 6GROUPS,1 THEORY OF. The conception of an operation to be carried out on some object or set of objects underlies all mathematical science. Thus in elementary arithmetic there are the fundamental...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Gyantse" to "Hallel" - Volume 12, Slice 7GYANTSE, one of the large towns of Tibet. It lies S.E. of Shigatse, 130 m. from the Indian frontier and 145 m. from Lhasa. Its central position at the junction of the roads...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Haller, Albrecht" to "Harmonium" - Volume 12, Slice 8HALLER, ALBRECHT VON (1708-1777), Swiss anatomist and physiologist, was born of an old Swiss family at Bern, on the 16th of October 1708. Prevented by long-continued ill-health from taking part in boyish...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Harmony" to "Heanor" - Volume 13, Slice 1HARMONY (Gr. , a concord of musical sounds, to join; (sc. ) meant the science or art of music, being of wider significance), a combination of parts so that the effect should be...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Hearing" to "Helmond" - Volume 13, Slice 2HEARING (formed from the verb to hear, O. Eng. hyran, heran, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. hren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Teut. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Helmont, Jean" to "Hernosand" - Volume 13, Slice 3HELMONT, JEAN BAPTISTE VAN (1577-1644), Belgian chemist, physiologist and physician, a member of a noble family, was born at Brussels in 1577.1 He was educated at Louvain, and after ranging restlessly from...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Hero" to "Hindu Chronology" - Volume 13, Slice 4HERO (Gr. ), a term specially applied to warriors of extraordinary strength and courage, and generally to all who were distinguished from their fellows by superior moral, physical or intellectual qualities. No...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Hinduism" to "Home, Earls of" - Volume 13, Slice 5HINDUISM, a term generally employed to comprehend the social institutions, past and present, of the Hindus who form the great majority of the people of India; as well as the multitudinous...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Home, Daniel" to "Hortensius, Quintus" - Volume 13, Slice 6HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886), Scottish spiritualist, was born near Edinburgh on the 20th of March 1833, his father being said to be a natural son of the 10th earl of Home,...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Horticulture" to "Hudson Bay" - Volume 13, Slice 7HORTICULTURE (Lat. hortus, a garden), the art and science of the cultivation of garden plants, whether for utilitarian or for decorative purposes. The subject naturally divides itself into two sections, which we...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Hudson River" to "Hurstmonceaux" - Volume 13, Slice 8HUDSON RIVER, the principal river of New York state, and one of the most important highways of commerce in the United States of America. It is not a river in the truest...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Husband" to "Hydrolysis" - Volume 14, Slice 1HUSBAND, properly the head of a household, but now chiefly used in the sense of a man legally joined by marriage to a woman, his wife; the legal relations between them are treated...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Hydromechanics" to "Ichnography" - Volume 14, Slice 2HYDROMECHANICS (), the science of the mechanics of water and fluids in general, including hydrostatics or the mathematical theory of fluids in equilibrium, and hydromechanics, the theory of fluids in motion. The practical...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Ichthyology" to "Independence" - Volume 14, Slice 3ICHTHYOLOGY (from Gr. , fish, and , doctrine or treatise), the branch of zoology which treats of the internal and external structure of fishes, their mode of life, and their distribution in space...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Independence, Declaration of" to "Indo-European Languages" - Volume 14, Slice 4INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF, in United States history, the act (or document) by which the thirteen original states of the Union broke their colonial allegiance to Great Britain in 1776. The...

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Indole" to "Insanity" - Volume 14, Slice 5INDOLE, or Benzopyrrol, C8H7N, a substance first prepared by A. Baeyer in 1868. It may be synthetically obtained by distilling oxindole (C8H8NO) with zinc dust; by heating ortho-nitrocinnamic acid with potash and iron...