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Leer a Descartes es uno de los mejores ejercicios para mantener vivo el más importante impulso de la filosofía moderna: una duda previa absoluta, un escepticismo como punto de partida del genuino saber.
El cartesianismo hace mucho tiempo que murió. El pensamiento de Descartes, sin embargo, pervive y pervivirá mientras exista como guía de reflexión la libertad de pensar. Este principio constituye la más deliciosa fábula que el hombre pudo inventar, y eso se lo debe a la humanidad, en buena parte, a Descartes y, especialmente, a las dos obras que el lector tiene entre sus manos.
Con todo, el principal mérito del que pasa por ser el primer racionalista oficial de la historia de la filosofía ha consistido en su matizada crítica al pensamiento dogmático. Nada, efectivamente, puede ser aceptado en virtud de una autoridad cualquiera. Este héroe del pensamiento moderno, en palabras de Hegel, ha llevado a la filosofía por caminos apenas percibidos anteriormente, atreviéndose, por decirlo en palabras de Dalembert, a enseñar a las buenas cabezas a sacudirse el yugo de la escolástica, de la opinión, de la autoridad; en una palabra, de los prejuicios y de la barbarie. Y gracias a la rebelión de Descartes--su enfoque en la duda y el pensamiento crítico--cuyos frutos recogemos hoy, la filosofía se ha vuelto más importante.
ENGLISH DESCRIPTION
Reading Descartes is one of the best exercises for keeping alive the most important impulse of modern philosophy.
Cartesianism has long since died. However, Descartes' thought endures and will continue to do so as long as the freedom to think remains a guiding principle of reflection. This notion is perhaps the most exquisite fable humanity has ever conceived, and to a great extent, it owes it to Descartes--especially to the two works the reader now holds in their hands.
Reading Descartes is one of the best ways to sustain the fundamental impulse of modern philosophy: an absolute prior doubt, a skepticism that serves as the starting point of genuine knowledge.
That said, the primary merit of the philosopher regarded as the first official rationalist in history lies in his nuanced critique of dogmatic thinking. Nothing, indeed, should be accepted merely on the basis of authority. This hero of modern thought, as Hegel described him, led philosophy down paths barely glimpsed before. He dared--borrowing the words of D'Alembert-- to teach bright minds to shake off the yoke of scholasticism, opinion, and authority; in short, to free themselves from prejudice and ignorance. And thanks to Descartes' rebellion--his focus on doubt and critical thinking--whose fruits we reap today, philosophy has become more important.
René Descartes, filósofo, matemático y científico francés, es considerado el padre de la filosofía Moderna. Se formó estudiando matemáticas, estudios clásicos y escolasticismo, y posteriormente Derecho en la Universidad de Poitiers. En 1618 emprendió una carrera militar que lo llevó a combatir en la Guerra de los Treinta Años. Tras renunciar a la vida militar, volvió a Francia, donde comenzó a realizar investigaciones en óptica y sus primeros estudios sobre filosofía.
En 1628 viajó a Holanda y escribió su primera obra, Ensayos Filosóficos (1637), una obra multidisciplinaria que incluye observaciones en óptica, geometría y astronomía. A este ensayo le siguieron Meditaciones metafísicas y Los principios de la Filosofía. Su obra más conocida es Discurso del Método.
René Descartes, French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist, is considered the father of Modern Philosophy. He was educated in mathematics, classical studies, and scholasticism, and later studied Law at the University of Poitiers. In 1618, he embarked on a military career that led him to fight in the Thirty Years' War. After renouncing military life, he returned to France, where he began conducting research in optics and his first studies in philosophy.
In 1628, he traveled to Holland and wrote his first work, Philosophical Essays and Correspondence (1637), a multidisciplinary work that includes observations in optics, geometry, and astronomy. This was followed by Meditations on First Philosophy and Principles of Philosophy. His most famous work is Discourse on the Method.
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