The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre: A Photographic History Volume 1

On the evening of May 31, 1921, and in the early morning hours of June 1, several thousand white citizens and authorities violently attacked the African American Greenwood District of Tulsa, Oklahoma. In the course of some twelve hours of mob violence, white Tulsans reduced one of the nation's most prosperous black communities to rubble and killed an estimated 300 people, mostly African Americans. This richly illustrated volume, featuring more than 175 photographs, along with oral testimonies, shines a new spotlight on the race massacre from the vantage point of its victims and survivors.

Historian and Black Studies professor Karlos K. Hill presents a range of photographs taken before, during, and after the massacre, mostly by white photographers. Some of the images are published here for the first time. Comparing these photographs to those taken elsewhere in the United States of lynchings, the author makes a powerful case for terming the 1921 outbreak not a riot but a massacre. White civilians, in many cases assisted or condoned by local and state law enforcement, perpetuated a systematic and coordinated attack on Black Tulsans and their property.

Despite all the violence and devastation, black Tulsans rebuilt the Greenwood District brick by brick. By the mid-twentieth century, Greenwood had reached a new zenith, with nearly 250 Black-owned and Black-operated businesses. Today the citizens of Greenwood, with support from the broader community, continue to work diligently to revive the neighborhood once known as "Black Wall Street." As a result, Hill asserts, the most important legacy of the Tulsa Race Massacre is the grit and resilience of the Black survivors of racist violence.

The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre: A Photographic History offers a perspective largely missing from other accounts. At once captivating and disturbing, it will embolden readers to confront the uncomfortable legacy of racial violence in U.S. history.


Author: Karlos K. Hill
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Published: 03/18/2021
Pages: 288
Binding Type: Hardcover
Weight: 3.20lbs
Size: 10.20h x 8.50w x 1.10d
ISBN: 9780806168562


Review Citation(s):
Choice 04/01/2022

About the Author
Hill, Karlos K.: - Karlos K. Hill is Regents' Associate Professor in the Clara Luper Department of African and African American Studies at the University of Oklahoma. He is the author The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre: A Photographic History.Matthews, Kevin: - Kevin Matthews is a member of the Oklahoma State Senate, representing District 11 (which includes Tulsa), and is Founder and Chair of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre Centennial Commission.